In risk management, which step is performed first?

• A. Implement controls
• B. Assess hazards
• C. Identify hazards
• D. Develop controls

Answer: (C)

Hazard identification is the starting point because you can’t manage what you don’t know could cause harm. This step involves systematically spotting all potential sources of harm in a process, activity, or environment, such as unsafe machinery, slippery floors, or ergonomic strain. Once hazards are identified, you can evaluate how likely and how severe the harm could be, which then informs which risks to address, how to design effective controls, and how to implement them. Without first identifying hazards, there would be no basis for risk assessment or for choosing and putting in place appropriate controls. For example, in a workplace, spotting hazards like missing guards or exposed wires tells you what risks exist and what protective measures are needed, before you assess those risks and develop or implement controls.